The “Grey Batch Top Scholars” and “Music Masters” in Lingnan all come from Sanshan Village, Shawan Town, Panyu
In Shawan, Panyu, Guangzhou Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw Town, Komiks 1960 witch cloth draw There is an ancient village called “Craftsman Village”. The ancient temple of the ancestors in the village is also the only “Lu Ban Temple” discovered in Guangdong Province.
In the old days, 70 to 80% of the men in Sanshan Village were ancient buildings repair craftsmen, involving ancient building plasterers, gray sculptures, brick carvings, carpenters, murals and other craftsmen. They traveled along the waterways across the Pearl River Delta and made a living by making a good craftsmanship.
What kind of story does this ancient craftsman village have? Recently, the reporter came to Sanshan Village for an in-depth interview.
There is an ancient: Sanshan Craftsmen wherever the waterway reaches.
Sanshan Village is located at the west gate of Panyu District, separated from Shunde, and there are many farmlands and ponds in the village. It is a typical Lingnan water town. The “three goodnesses” in Sanshan Village refer to “goodness, virtue and blessing”, which embodies the beautiful wishes of the ancestors.
”Before 1949, more than 75% of the males in Sanshan Village were ancient architectural craftsmen. At that time, women farmed at home and took children, while males took boats to engage in mud and water life along the waterway.” Huang Qunqing, 65 years old this year, is from Zini Village in Shawan and is neighboring Sanshan Village. “Although they are two villages, they are as close as the same village.”
Huang Qunqing also comes from a family of craftsmen and deals with ancient buildings all his life. “I am familiar with every type of ancient architecture, decoration, gray plastic, brick carving, and wood carving.” At the age of 15, Huang Qunqing followed his father to travel to the Pearl River Delta, “doing mud and water work”, and participated in the renovation of Baomo Garden and Yuyin Mountain House.
When talking about the wandering life of craftsmen, Li Guangyong, a villager engaged in mural restoration, told reporters: “My father, Li Jieming, is also a muralist. He has been engaged in mural drawing and restoration for more than 40 years and has traveled throughout the Pearl River Delta region, and has been rowing. If there is no convenient waterway, there will be no famous craftsmen in Sanshan Village.”
Li Guangyong is creating a gray-sculpted work Picture/Li Bo
Li GuangKomiks 1960 witch cloth drawYong told reporters that Sanshan Village is close to the Zinny River and Shunde Waterway, and is connected to the main channel of the Pearl River. “Where the river flows to and where the passenger ship arrives, there are craftsmen in Sanshan Village. ”
It is understood that the craftsmen in Sanshan Village often go to Dongguan, Foshan, Taishan and other places. In Li Guangyong’s memory, every year on the fourth and fifth day of the Lunar New Year, the craftsmen leave their homes and return to the construction site. The New Year’s Festival is celebrated, and the craftsmen who go out may not come back, but the “Master’s Birth” (Cinema 1950 witch clothes drawOn that day of the sixth lunar month), they will definitely return from rowing, dress neatly, come to the temple early, say hello to each other, and visit Lu Ban.
Architect: The ancient temple group of Aoshan uses a saddle-style fire wall
Recently, the reporter visited the ancient temple group of Aoshan with ancient construction experts and villagers. The ancient temple group is located at Fuchun Road in Sanshan Village. The building covers an area of 557.7 square meters, with a strict building and a grand appearance.
The ancient temple group is backed by Aoshan, with a square and a Fengshui pond in front of the temple. The ancient temple group is lined from north to south: Shennong Ancient Temple and Xianshi Ancient Temple href=”https://funnybookish.com/”>Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw, Aoshan Ancient Temple, Baoen Temple and Chaoyin Pavilion, so it is called “Ancient Temple Group”.
Aoshan Ancient Temple Group located in Sanshan Village Picture/Li Komiks 1960 witch cloth drawPo
Ancient architecture experts said that the Aoshan Ancient Temple Group is one of the few large temple groups in Panyu District, and the architectural layout and sculpture art of the temple group have high artistic value. In 2000, it was announced as a historical and cultural protection zone for internal control in Guangzhou; in July 2002, it was incorporated into “Aoshan Ancient Buildings” and announced as a cultural relics protection unit in Guangzhou.
Experts said that the uniqueness of the Aoshan Ancient Temple Group lies in the design of the fire wall. Most Lingnan buildings use a wok-ear house-style fire wall, but the Aoshan Ancient Temple Group uses a saddle-style fire wall, which is very rare in the entire Guangdong Province.
Herbyte Closure VolcanoCinema 1950 witch cloth draw wall, gray plastic Bo Gu Ji Picture/Li Bo
It is said that in addition to Fengning Temple in Shiwan Town, Foshan City and Panshizong in Shixiang Village, Shixiang Village, Duyang Town, Yunfu Yuncheng DistrictCinema 1950 witch cloth Apart from a few places such as the drawsanthemum, it is difficult to find traces of the saddle-style fire wall in Guangdong Province.
Craftsmen: The gray sculptures and wood carvings of the Chen Family Ancestral Craftsmen are all from the hands of the Sanshan craftsmen. Liang Mou, a researcher in folk culture in Panyu District, introduced that in the Ming Dynasty, many folk craftsmen had gathered in Sanshan Village. “In the Qing Dynasty, the Summer Palace was built, and the court went to various places to select skilled craftsmen. Only after passing the assessment could they participate in the construction of the Summer Palace. At that time, the craftsmen in Sanshan Village were selected to participate.”
Sanshan Village Chairman Li Zhipei introduced that many famous ancient architecture craftsmen have also produced in the history of Sanshan Village. The most representative figures are Jin Yaosheng and Lao Cuixi. Jin Yaosheng was the “gray-scoring top scholar” in Lingnan. Lao CuiCinema 1950 witch cloth drawThe stream is a “mural master”. Many of the murals of the Chen Family Ancestral Sculpture and Lingnan buildings around Panyu are written by the two of them. In addition, many exquisite wood carvings in the Chen Family Ancestral Hall, the most famous ancestral hall in Guangzhou, are also masterpieces of the Sanshan craftsmen back then.
Sanshan Village, 81 years old this yearBabaylan 1990 cloth drawMin Lao Yaochun was an ancient building construction technician and worked as deputy manager at Shawan Construction Company. He also has another identity – Lao Cuixi’s grandchildren.
”My brother Lao Zhuoqian and grandfather Lao Cuixi are both muralists, and many murals in the Nanfanshun area are from them.” Usually, Lao Yaochun always likes to visit the ancient temple complex of Aoshan. “When you look up here, you may see the murals of grandpa and brother.”
When talking about another Lingnan gray sculpture master Jin Yaosheng from Sanshan Village, Lao Yaochun gave a thumbs up. “The gray sculpture work of Chen Jiaci was made by Master Jin Yaosheng as the foreman.” In Sanshan Village, Jin Yaosheng’s gray sculpture work “Three Heroes of the Wind and Dust” is still placed under the front eaves of Luban Temple. Its style is like the landscape of the southern country, with a refreshing cultural texture.
It is understood that as the Chen Family Ancestral Hall of the Chen Family Family in the 72 counties in the province, the entire project gathers famous craftsmen and manufacturers from all over the province. Among them, gray plastic decoration was provided by Jin Yaosheng, the “gray batch top scholar” at that time. It is precisely because of these top craftsmen that the Chen Family Temple, a fine ancient building that has been created, has been the masterpiece of the architectural art of Lingnan in history.
Villages restore Luban Temple and later generations praise craftsmen
Luban has been respected by craftsmen as the “ancestor” and “father of all craftsmen” since ancient times. The Luban Temple in Sanshan Village is hidden in the Aoshan ancient temple group in the village. The ancient temple group is connected by five ancient temples. The most distinctive feature of the Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw is the ancient temple of the ancestors, which is dedicated to Luban. The temple is currently the only folk-industry temple dedicated to “Lu Ban” discovered in Guangdong Province. It has a history of more than 300 years. Sanshan Village still retains the traditional celebration of “Master’s Birth”.
Luban Temple in Sanshan Village Photo/Li Bo
The most distinctive among the ancient temple groups is the ancient temple of the ancestor, namely the Luban Temple. The temple was built during the Jiaqing and Daoguang periods of the Qing Dynasty and has been renovated several times. Expert survey data shows that the ancient temple of the Master is located in the northeast and southwest, with three rooms and three entrances, and occupiedThe ground area is 105.74 square meters.
The second and third entrances are hard tops, with herringbone sealed volcanic gable walls, gray plastic and ancient ridges, gray tube tiles, and blue brick walls. As soon as he entered the pavilion, he was decorated with many murals. The murals were rich in content, including figures, landscapes, flowers and birds, etc., and his paintings were exquisitely designed. The granite stone door frame of the mountain gate, the stone forehead is engraved with the “Xianshi Ancient Temple” and the wall fence is decorated with the mural of the “Eight Immortals Drunk”.
”In 1993, I took the villagers to rebuild this ancient temple. The Lu Ban statues were remade based on old photos.” Huang Qunqing told reporters that before the rebuilding, some parts were collapsed and were dilapidated. “The best preserved are the murals on the wall and the bricks on the ground. At that time, many walls were painted with white ash on the paintings. The workers carefully cleaned them up to make these exquisite murals regain the light of day.”
At the two entrances of the rebuilt ancient temple, the reporter saw two couplets, and then Babaylan 1990 clothes The couplet at the gate of the hall is “The great craftsman has integrated all the doors; the rules and regulations are established to guide Huai (the word “Huai”) to know the present”; the couplet at the front hall is “The rules are determined by the square and round Yi Shike follows this method, and the ink rope is divided into curves and straight lines and uses the materials well.”
Huang Qunqing told reporters that these two couplets were written by later generations during the renovation, demonstrating the connotation and professional principles of craftsmanship.
Huang Qunqing said that since the restoration of Luban Temple, Sanshan Village will also spontaneously hold a master’s birthday (i.e. Luban’s birthday). If you cannot come back, the craftsmen of Sanshan Village will celebrate at the construction site. “I have a special relationship with this Luban Temple. I will come back every year when my master is born.”
Development: selected as the second batch of national characteristic towns
Sanshan Village Chairman Li Zhipei said that in the past, 70% of the men in the entire village were engaged in the construction industry, but now only a few craftsmen are still sticking to it. “In the past, ancient buildings were focused on slow work and meticulous work. Sometimes a worker could only build 25 pieces of blue bricks a day and lay 3 steps of bricks. In the eyes of young people, craftsmen Komiks 1960 witch cloth drawDoing with bricks and mud is a physical job, and they don’t like to do it. ” Li Zhipei said.
The famous gray plastic craftsman Liang MianBabaylan 1990 cloth draw is from Sanshan Village. His father was a Shawan plasterer. He learned art from his father since he was a child and has devoted himself to studying gray plastic art for more than 50 years. His works have been used in Shawan Aoshan Ancient Temple, Baomo Garden, Nanyue Garden, Qinghui Garden, Xishan Temple, Huanan Temple, Shunfeng Park, etc.
Now, Liang Mian opens a learning studio in Sanshan Village to inherit gray plastic skills. “I have a small gray plastic in my familyKomiks 1960 witch clothes The grandchildren like it very much and learn it as soon as I free myself. ”
The famous gray plastic craftsman Liang Mian Photo/Li Bo
The architectural craftsman has always been passed down in the form of master and apprenticeship. It has never entered the school to become a discipline. However, Sanshan Village offers courses such as gray plastic in primary schools and kindergartens, which are popular with children.
In a small street shop in Sanshan Village, Li Guangyong is creating a gray plastic work called “Eight Immortals Picture”. “This work was originally prepared to participate in the village’s Lu Ban Festival display this year, but unfortunately it was not enough and missed it. It’s good to miss it, you can calm down and polish it slowly. ”
While chatting with reporters, Li Guangyong held a handful of multi-head wood cone and pressed it on the gray plastic panel, making it easier for the panel to hang clay. “It’s not time to display this year, so I’ll wait for the display next year. ”
In 2017, Sanshan Village was selected into the second batch of national characteristic towns. Li Zhipei said that Sanshan Village has a history of more than 800 years, and the commemoration of Luban will become the annual festival in the village – “Luban Festival”.
Li Zhipei also proposed to build a Luban cultural square to the north of the ancient temple and build a craftsman museum to collect and exhibit craftsmen’s works across the province to attract more young people to learn. In the future, Sanshan Village will be built into a characteristic town of ancient architecture craftsmen in Lingnan.
Inheritance: Let young craftsmen see career prospects
Zhu Qiuli said that urban and rural historical and cultural heritage is mainly protected by craftsmen, and now he is engaged in this industryMost people are over fifty years old and no successor is a common problem. “The lack of vocational education and the narrow teaching of masters and apprentices has exacerbated the crisis of craftsmen’s inheritance.”
How to solve the problem of Babaylan 1990 cloth drawcraftsmen’s inheritance problem? Zhu Qiuli believes that to retain craftsmen, we must first have encouragement policies. Old artists must have the right status. With the status, they must also have corresponding cultural heritage allowances and guarantee mechanisms. “Traditional architectural craftsmanship and modern architectural decoration should also have professional title assessment, so that young craftsmen can see their career prospects.”
”As craftsmen grow old, ancient building construction technology has also grown. For example, there are no more good players in the market for building bamboo trellis. This is also a traditional craft for restoring ancient buildings. The bamboo trellis is lightweight and suitable for repairing one or two floors of ancient buildings, which is more convenient than iron racks.” Ancient building repair expert Ouyang Lun told reporters.
A ancient architecture expert told reporters: “Now that government departments have vigorously promoted the activities of famous craftsmen, the status and treatment of craftsmen have gradually improved. In addition to paying attention to a few famous craftsmen, we should also pay attention to ordinary craftsmen. Only in this way can we not deviate from the essence of protecting ancient buildings and their traditional craftsmen.”
The expert believes that the value of craftsmen lies in inheriting traditional technologies and striving for excellence. Craftsman talents are the basic guarantee for restoring the original appearance of ancient buildings. Attention to craftsmen reflects respect for traditional values. Only when craftsmen have successors can these precious ancient building construction techniques and the spiritual qualities attached to them be preserved. (Xiao Guilai)
Source｜Guangzhou Daily
Editor｜Cui Wencan
Intern editor｜He Haoxian