数百载沉淀Babaylan 缔造佛山文化
4月7日，佛山祖庙门前Komiks锣鼓齐鸣、鼓乐喧天，一年一Komiks度的北帝诞拉开了帷幕。 Spring Festival ceremony, Northern Emperor tour, reciprocating gods and performing operas… This ancient building ancestral temple, which has been passed down for nearly a thousand years, is filled with citizens who come to pray for blessings.
“Understanding the history of the ancestral temple is equivalent to understanding most of the history of Foshan.” In the view of Ling Jian, director of the Ancestral Temple Museum, as a national key cultural relic protection unit, the ancestral temple is known as the “Palace of Oriental Folk Art”. It not only displays many precious works of art, but also the spiritual belief of Foshan people and the soul of Foshan.
Produced by Foshan Press Station Planning Xie Hong and Li Cheng
Text/Jinyang.com Reporter Ouyang Zhiqiang Photo/Ancestral Temple Museum, Foshan Archives
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First, there was the Northern Emperor before the ancestral temple
During the Yuanfeng period of the Northern Song Dynasty (1078-1085), a craftsman laid the first wooden stake of the “ancestral hall”. In the past thousand years, this building has undergone many renovations and expansions and finally becomes the “Palace of Oriental Folk Art”. “When it comes to the ancestral temple, we have to mention the Northern Emperor. There is the Northern Emperor first and then the ancestral temple.” Liang Guocheng, an expert from the Foshan Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center, said that the Northern Emperor in the ancestral temple is called the Water God in Taoism. Because Foshan is located in the water network area, it was often affected by typhoons and floods in the past, and farming was greatly affected, making people’s lives miserable. So, the people in Foshan specially invited the protector Beidi to pray that the water god would give water (meaning to regulate the water volume) and make good weather for the year. After the fall of the Southern Song Dynasty, a large number of gentry in the Central Plains moved to Foshan, Lingnan, and brought advanced technologies such as culture and smelting in the Central Plains. At that time, Foshan Town relied on the transportation of rivers such as Dongping River and became a major city for light industry and became one of the top two hours when KomiksThe economically developed region is equivalent to Shanghai today.
“Relying on water transportation, Foshan people lived a good life. The folk belief of Beidi made the people taste the sweetness of the people at that time.” Liang Guocheng said that at that time, considering that Beidi was a faith passed down from Foshan folk, a large-scale temple was built on the original basis to serve Beidi. The Ancestral Temple in the early Ming Dynasty became the largest Taoist temple in southern China at that time. Liang Guocheng believes that the faith of the Northern Emperor represents the spiritual state of Foshan people. As the saying goes, “There are gods on the head three feet high.” Foshan people are particularly simple under the faith of the Northern Emperor, especially abide by the rules and pay special attention to commercial credit. The faith of the Northern Emperor is the root left by the ancestors of Foshan people. This mental state is born out of Foshan culture and passed down from generation to generation.
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WanfutaiCinemaCreate acoustic miracle
Wanfutai in the ancestral temple is the oldest and best preserved ancient stage in South China. There is a wide stone paving site in front of the platform, and there are two-story long corridors on both sides of the east and west for viewing dramas. Liang Guocheng said that the predecessor of Wanfutai was named Huafengtai. It was founded in the fifteenth year of Shunzhi in the early Qing Dynasty. It was renamed Wanfutai on the 60th birthday of Empress Dowager Cixi in the Qing Dynasty (all of which are used as “Wanfutai”).
In the mid-Ming Dynasty, the first Cantonese opera guild was established at the Qionghua Hall on the bank of the Fenjiang River in Foshan. Since the mid-Qing Dynasty, all Cantonese opera troupes have gone to Wanfutai to perform first every time they go out to perform. Please read the Northern Emperor to see if the level is qualified, which is equivalent to a smooth and smooth performance.
“After the years of precipitation, Wanfutai has become an authoritative and sacred stage for Cantonese opera. Only after withstanding the censorship of the Northern Emperor can the troupe make a living, otherwise there would be no Komiks has the qualification.” Liang Guocheng found that the stage of Wanfutai faces the bronze statue of the Northern Emperor, with a height of 2.07 meters, and the distance between the eyes and feet in the bronze statue of the Northern Emperor is also 2.07 meters, and the bronze statue is pedestal 1.6 meters. Generally speaking, the performers on the stage are just facing the Northern Emperor’s eyes, which shows that the Northern Emperor is reviewing his performance, so the performers will perform more attentively.
Liang Guocheng said that there isPeople may think this is superstition, but in modern times, not only Guangdong, but also the most popular Cantonese opera masters all over the world have started from the stage of tens of thousands of Futai. As long as they are engaged in Cantonese opera, everyone wants to perform at Wanfutai. When it comes to Wanfutai, no one dares to blaspheme.
Wanfutai, which has a history of more than 300 years, is decorated with brilliant wood sculptures. It stands majestic. In Liang Guocheng’s view, its architectural art is also very sophisticated. Liang Guocheng said that in 2002, a musician from Guangzhou came to Wanfu Station to perform and found that the sound effect without an electronic amplifier was better. Later, the professional team found that the architectural design of the entire Wanfu Station was a sound field structure, with the sound from Wanfu Station to the two corridors next to the two Babaylan, and then to the Lingying Archway, forming a natural overall three-dimensional surround sound echo wall. Even the people in the last row could clearly listen to the sound, ensuring excellent performance sound effects. Liang Guocheng pointed out that without modern technological means, Wanfutai created an acoustic miracle. Unfortunately, people nowadays like to use loudspeakers to bury the advanced nature of Wanfutai.
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Repair and protection of cultural relics is still the focus
“Understanding the history of the ancestral temple is equivalent to understanding most of the history of Foshan.” Ling Jian, director of the Ancestral Temple Museum, said that the precious culture accumulated by hundreds of years of history must be protected and promoted. Over the years, his work has focused on the repair and protection of cultural relics, the improvement of cultural connotations, the development of cultural and creative products, and the streamlining of the management system. As an important base for carrying the martial arts lion waking in Foshan, the Huang Feihong Memorial Hall and the Ip Man Hall were both built in 200. In 2018, the Babaylan Museum successfully combined modern science and history and culture, and completed the upgrading and renovation projects of the two venues. Today, visitors can learn the routines of Hongquan martial arts in the Huang Feihong Kung Fu action sound and photoelectric playback room. Babaylan at Babaylan/funnybookish.com/”>CinemaBabaylan play with Lingnan lions in the human-computer interactive game, and learn Wing Chun moves in the Murenchun interactive experience area.
Now the thousand-year-old ancestral temple has a new look—the street of the Northern Emperor is empty, and the children are gathered together. The Cantonese rhyme on Wanfu Platform is melodious, and the Lingnan lion show is wonderful. The “Foshan Youyou” cultural and creative products make the cultural relics “live”… Ling Jian said that the ancestral temple museum, known as the “Palace of Oriental Folk Art”, is <a The ancient buildings of Komiks Museum are built in the Babaylan, which has the typical characteristics of the Pearl River Delta and is a landmark building that shows Foshan's profound historical and cultural heritage.
For such a representative building complex, the Ancestral Temple Museum spares no effort to protect ancient buildings. 2010<a In the year, after completing three years of comprehensive repairs and external environment renovations that cost more than 30 million yuan, the entire ancestral temple ancient building complex is safer and more stable, beautiful, and blooming with the brilliant brilliance of the past. During the renovation process, the ancestral temple insists on repairing the old as it is, respecting traditional skills, such as replacing the commonly used modern chemical pigments with traditional mineral pigments, re-coloring the gray plastic, and restoring a large number of wooden components and ceramic plastics.
In addition, the “Chongzheng Society” site display protection project is undergoing approval procedures. These repairs and protections are all about refining the old appearance of the ancestral temple buildings on the premise of respecting history, and also allowing Lingnan architectural culture to be protected, preserved and continued to develop. Ling Jian said that the museum’s primary task is not only to repair and protect the ancient building complex of the ancestral temple, but also to deeply explore, organize, research and publicize the profound historical culture of the ancestral temple, and at the same time better pass on the intangible cultural heritage of the Foshan ancestral temple. “This is also one of our important missions.”