The Jino people are a “direct-passing ethnic group” living in the mountains of the border. They are one of the eight ethnic groups with a small population in Yunnan. When the founding of New China in 1949, there were only a few thousand people, and they were still hunting in the dense primeval forests of the Keno Mountains in the southern border of Yunnan, slashing and fire. The clan tribes were managed by elders, wearing bark clothes and living in thatched huts. Food and property were distributed equally, without words, and recorded by carving wood.
Through the investigation and identification of ethnic scholars, on June 6, 1979, the State Council officially identified the Keno people as the 56th ethnic group in China. From then on, the history of the Keno tribe opened a new chapter. After 40 years of hard work, they have now achieved poverty alleviation for the entire tribe and are striving toward a new journey of achieving comprehensive well-off and modernization.
Green economy helps get rid of poverty
At the morning of June 1, departing from the urban area of Jinghong City, the capital of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, the reporter and Zheng Xiaoyun, a famous scholar in Jinuo people, took a car to Jinuo Mountain and walked into Yanuo Village.
The Yano Villagers Group is located in the southeast of Jinoshan Township. It is 15 kilometers away from the township government and the altitude of the whole village is more than 1,200 meters. Its ancient tea mountain is the old tea mountain with a good preservation and largest continuous area in the area so far. Among them, 2,500 acres of ancient tea trees with a tree age of about 100 to 800 years. Longpa Tea Mountain is 1,700 meters above sea level, and is surrounded by clouds and mist and rain all year round, which provides unique conditions for the natural growth of tea.
Zheng Xiaoyun, who has been conducting investigations and research in Yanuo Village for a long time, was familiar with the road and said hello and walked into his designated contact home. This is a small western-style building built more than 10 years ago. Two cars from the Chewei Home are parked downstairs. Qiwei is 36 years old this year and has a dark face. In 2006, she graduated from Yunnan Jiaotong Vocational and Technical College and returned to her hometown to start a business, engaged in the processing and sales of Pu’er tea. Today, the living conditions at her family have been completely modernized and she has lived the same life as in the city.
Walking through the village, small cars and small foreign buildings two or three stories high can be seen everywhere, and every family here is doing tea business. According to the theory of Chewei, Jinuo Mountain was called Youle Mountain in ancient times, and it was the first of the six ancient Pu’er tea mountains in Yunnan. The ancient tea garden in Yanuozhai is a valuable heritage left by the ancestors of the Jinuo people. Therefore, the economic income of the villagers in Yanuozhai mainly relies on picking, processing and selling Pu’er tea.
”This year, it didn’t rain a month after Qingming Festival, and tea production has decreasedserious. “Jiewei said while picking the buds of the ancient tea trees. Her family has about 40 acres of tea land, with 2,000 tea trees of all sizes. Last year, Jiwei’s family made more than 300,000 yuan by selling Pu’er tea made by ancient tea trees. This year, Komiks 1960 witch cloth draw is expected to have less income from selling tea. Fortunately, there are old Pu’er tea stored in previous years, and their life will not have much impact.
”You see, this is you when you were a baby. “Zheng Xiaoyun took out his mobile phone and showed everyone the black and white photos of Yanozhai and Chewei’s childhood that he took more than 30 years ago.
In October 1983, in order to study the socialist modernization of ethnic minorities, Zheng Xiaoyun, who had just graduated from Yunnan University, carried his luggage and came to Jino Mountain. In the following five or six years, he traveled to more than 40 villages in the Jino Mountains. At that time, most of the villages did not have access to Komiks 1960 witch clothes DrawThe road is two or three days before some remote villages can reach it. Tea was not sold at that time, and most villages had wooden thatched roofs, and there was no electricity, so they traveled with feet.
After the investigation during the day, Zheng Xiaoyun sat on the balcony of the wooden building of Chewei’s grandfather and the old village chief Bru Zhoujia. When he looked at the stars in the sky, Zheng Xiaoyun was full of doubts: “What is the modernization of the Jino people? In the next 20 or 30 years, will Jino Mountain District be able to access highways and have electric lights, and will ordinary people live in brick and tile houses like in the city? Can watch TV? Can you live the same life as in the city? ”
For many years, under the guidance of Yunnan Province’s policy of vigorously developing the tea industry and helping mountain ethnic groups get rid of poverty and become rich through Pu’er tea, Yanuozhai seized the opportunity, leveraged its tea tree resource advantages, built a bridge of cooperation with foreign merchants through various channels, introduced many foreign tea merchants, and officially established two “Yano Ancient Tea Tree Cooperatives”, in the Cinema 1950 witch clothes draw Yunnan “Douji” Pu’er Tea Company, a well-known Yunnan “Douji” in the Er tea industry, also established a primary production center in Yanuozhai. At the end of 2018, there were 130 households and 410 people in the village, achieving a total economic income of 5.9987 million yuan, and per capita net income of farmers was 11,853 yuan, and it has embarked on a path of “one village, one product” development and steady income growth.
Li Baizhong, the head of Jinuo Township, told reporters that as the only Jinuo ethnic township in the country, in recent years, it has conscientiously implemented the national and provincial poverty alleviation and development strategic deployment, firmly grasped the opportunities of the Yunnan Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government to implement the “two mountains” poverty alleviation in Xishuangbanna Prefecture, give full play to its excellent ecological advantages, and adapt to local conditions.We have implemented targeted policies, vigorously developed green industries such as Pu’er tea, rubber, and Amomum villori, comprehensively improve the production and living conditions of the Jino people, and achieved remarkable results in targeted poverty alleviation and poverty alleviation.
Today, there are 46 natural villages in 7 village committees in Jinuoshan Township, with 3,868 households and 14,300 people; the total economic income of the township is 255.2294 million yuan, 263.76 times that of 1978; the per capita net income of farmers is 11,757 yuan, an increase of 37.38% from 8,558 yuan in 2013, 110 times that of 1978.
Behind the huge changes
Bapozhai is a group of Jino Villagers’ Committee of Jino Township, Jino Mountain, 3 kilometers away from the township government location.
In 1997, the per capita income of Bapo Village was only 620 yuan, and only a few households lived in tiled houses. Nowadays, every family in Bapo Village lives in small buildings with dry-railed buildings, and private cars are already very common.
The tourism industry is developing in full swing here. 200Babaylan 1990 clothes drawIn May 5, the village created a traditional singing and dancing live performance with the theme of “Youle·Youle”, improved the infrastructure within the scenic area, and built a four-point and one-line tourism line that synchronized with “Scenic Area-Farehouse-Museum-Ethnic Style Park”, attracting many domestic and foreign tourists. Rural tourism has solved the employment of 75 people in Bapo Village and more than 180 people in the township. 26 farmers set up stalls in the scenic area, mainly selling Jino ethnic cultural products such as handicrafts and ethnic clothing, achieving an average annual income of more than 20,000 yuan. The development and growth of tourism has also stimulated the enthusiasm of Bapo people to contract scenic spot engineering projects, organize their own tea workshops, and operate accommodation and catering, and further broadened the path of villagers to get rid of poverty and become rich. In 2018, Bapozhai achieved a per capita net income of 13,300 yuan, which is higher than the per capita income level of the whole township.
It is no accident that such a small ethnic group with a population that has passed directly, such a huge change has occurred.
In November 1999, relevant leaders of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission and the State Council Poverty Alleviation Office visited Jinuoshan Township and listed Jinuoshan Township as a demonstration town for comprehensive poverty alleviation development. In April 2000, the Yunnan Provincial Government held an on-site office meeting in Jinghong to determine the overall support for Jinoshan and include it in the local “two mountains” poverty alleviation comprehensive development project Babaylan 1990 clothesdraw. At the same time, Jinoshan was listed by the State Ethnic Affairs Commission as a pilot project for the comprehensive poverty alleviation of ethnic minorities with a small population in the country. An unprecedented poverty alleviation battle was launched in Jinoshan Township. In 2005, the State Ethnic Affairs Commission and five other ministries formulated and issued the “Plan for Supporting Ethnic Development of Small Population Ethnic Groups (2005-2010)” and once again included the Keno people in the support plan. In 2013, Yunnan Province focused on implementing the “3121” project, and also focused on the Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw townships that were mainly assisted by Jinoshan Township as a demonstration point. Finally, the production and living conditions of the Keno people have been greatly improved, and the appearance of the mountain village has undergone major changes.Komiks 1960 witch cloth draw, and the economy and society have achieved a historic leap.
Professor Zheng Xiaoyun insisted on tracking, investigation and research in Kenoshan for 37 years. In his opinion, the Keno people and the Keno Mountains have made remarkable developments in the past 40 years. To sum up, the most important thing is the care of the Party and the country and the support and help from all walks of life. Whether in infrastructure construction or the development of medical care, education, culture, society, economic development, etc., Kenoshan’s brilliant achievements are all filled with strong support from party committees and governments at all levels and external society. Without these support, there would be no development achievements in the Keno Mountains. When the reporter asked why Kenuo college students, writers, leading cadres at all levels, National People’s Congress deputies, National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference members have emerged one after another in recent years, Professor Zheng Xiaoyun replied without hesitation: “It is the development of education that has changed the Kuo family. Komiks 1960 witch cloth draw generations of the Kuo people. The Kuo people love the cause of education and students are hardworking and studious. In 1985, when I conducted a survey at Jinghong No. 2 Middle School, I found that among the several junior high schools at that time, the Kuo students’ grades were ranked in the Cinema 1950 witch cloth drawThe best. From the opening of the first school in 1965, to the popularization of primary and junior high school education in the 1980s, but also had college students of their own nation, to 199There have been 36 graduates from Keno University in one year, which is a historic progress. A group of outstanding talents have grown up in the Jino tribe, and their driving has played an important role in the development of this nation. ”
For many years, the Keno Township has fully created an educational atmosphere of “education-oriented and education-first”Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw. For example, the “Examination and Award Method” in Taiwan was launched to encourage Keno students to study hard, and never let a student fall behind. 2014 to 2 In 2018 alone, the whole township invested 2.1008 million yuan in education subsidies. In terms of basic investment in education, the ring-shaped plastic track and field of Jinuo Township Central Primary School is being built. draw, with a total investment of more than 3 million yuan.
In the view of experts and scholars who have long studied the development of the Kino people, the promotion of science and technology is also an important reason for the great changes in the Kino Mountains. In recent decades, the economy in the Jino Mountains has developed rapidly, whether it is amomum villoss, rubber planting, or the improvement and transformation of tea processing, one of the important factors is the promotion and application of scientific and technological achievements and the training of the people.
In addition, the Kino people are recognized as a nation Later, from the central government to the local government, from Yunnan Province to Xishuangbanna Prefecture, government departments at all levels also attached great importance to the inheritance and protection of the Jino ethnic culture, recognized the traditional festival of the Jino people, and invested nearly 10 million yuan to build the China Jino people’s museum, making it an important platform for inheriting national culture. The Jino people’s national songs and dances, clothing culture, food culture, etc. were also inherited, and a number of intangible cultural inheritors and intangible cultural projects were identified, and inherited and protected with the support of the government. There were also a group of experts. href=”https://funnybookish.com/”>Babaylan 1990 clothesThe drawshe has been engaged in research on the Keno people for a long time.
Taking Bapo Village as an example, 200Babaylan 1990 cloth draw was listed as a demonstration village for ethnic minorities in the minority population in 9 years. Yunnan Provincial Ethnic Affairs Commission, Prefecture and Municipal Ethnic Affairs Bureau invested 1 million yuan to build cultural rooms, basketball courts, garbage pools, and road hardening in the village. In 2012, the Yunnan Provincial Ethnic Affairs Commission invested another 700,000 yuan to build and enhance the village of Jino ethnic group. In 2015, the Bapo Village of the National Intangible Cultural Heritage Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw was officially established, and a national Intangible Cultural Heritage inheritor was also cultivated.
In 2017, Bapozhai was approved as the “Most Beautiful Rural and Rural New Business Model Demonstration Construction Project”, with an investment of about 4 million yuan to be used for the construction of village gates, village greening and beautification, public toilets, cultural corridors, commercial pavilions, tourism signage systems and other projects.
Reflections on the entire Jino people’s poverty alleviation
Since the founding of New China, especially since it was recognized as the 56th ethnic group in 1979, the historic leap and amazing progress shown by the Jino Mountains and the Jino people have far-reaching significance and influence, and have given the world a lot of inspiration and thinking.
It once again proves with iron facts that only the Communist Party of China and the socialist system can create such miracles. The successful practice of the regional ethnic autonomy system in the Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw ethnic township fully proves the correctness of the Party’s ethnic policies, the superiority of the socialist system and the importance of national unity.
Professor Yin Shaoting, a famous scholar who has long studied the Jino people and Professor Yin Shaoting of Yunnan University said: “The 40-year great changes in the Jino people have proved the correctness and wisdom of the Communist Party of China’s national theory and ethnic policies; the great changes are a vivid manifestation of the superiority of socialism with Chinese characteristics; the great changes are a symbol of the overall progress of material and spiritual civilization of the Chinese nation; the great changes also prove that Chinese civilization is a profound and diverse civilization full of diversity, inclusiveness and enterprising.”
Just on the afternoon of June 2, in order to explore how to walk the path after poverty alleviation in the future, the Jino Township Party Committee and the Township Government, together with the Xishuangbanna Prefecture Federation of Social Sciences, invited well-known experts and scholars from inside and outside the province to hold a seminar on “The 40th Anniversary of the Confirmation of the Jino people and the Poverty All-Nation”
Professor Zheng Xiaoyun said: “Although the development of the Jino people has achieved brilliant achievements, the development in the past 40 years has not been smooth, even fluctuating. I think we should further promote the green economy development of the Jino Mountains., with the green economy as the main axis, comprehensively improve the development quality of Jino Mountain District. ”
”In the future, only by continuous reform, innovation and development can Keno Mountain move towards greater glory. “Professor Yin Shaoting, who once advocated the establishment of the Yunnan Ethnic Museum, the Anthropology Museum of Yunnan University and the Yunnan Ethnic Cultural Ecological Village, analyzed the current situation of cultural tourism in Bapozhai. He pointed out sharply: “Bapo Tourism Village still needs to make great efforts in open thinking and change of concepts, ecological environment restoration and construction, in-depth cultural exploration and display, and highlighting the characteristics of residential buildings to promote major changes. ”
You Qidao, Chairman of the Xishuangbanna State Social Science Federation, said that the Jino national culture is in danger of loss. Continue to protect and promote the traditional culture of the Jino people, make national culture a bridge for communication between the Jino people and the world, and a resource for developing cultural and tourism industries. On June 6, Wang Chao, a young party secretary of the Jino people, expressed the voice of the Jino people through WeChat Moments: “For forty years, The Kinema 1950 witch cloth draw The Kinema tribe has its own NPC deputies and CPPCC members; from the Cinema 1950 witch cloth drawThe travel is very smooth and medical treatment is guaranteed, and a group of college students have emerged from the villages; tea and amomum villori have become commodities for villagers to get rich; the Kinema tribe, living in the green waters and green mountains, tells stories of change, development, and leapfrog stories. The Keno tribe is heading for a better tomorrow! ”